Brownian diffusion is a ubiquitous mechanism of transport for ions, molecules and submicrometre particles. It can limit the rate of chemical reactions as well as determine the efficiency of ...

The proposed approach allows precise and independent control of average composition, slope, and curvature of full concentration gradients in high-nickel cathodes, resulting in lithium-ion batteries ...

Ion channels are proteins embedded in the cell membrane which control the bidirectional movement of charged species called ions across the impermeable cell membrane. Ion channels are highly selective ...

A new thermodynamic design links ion movement and concentration to energy output, creating soft polymer films that generate steady electrical power from tiny temperature differences such as body heat.

A nanopore gate and salt gradient drive ions that haul away heat, enabling efficient on-chip cooling or heating for more powerful semiconductor processors. (Nanowerk News) As more devices get piled ...