Key learning points Electrical charges What are free electrons? Cell polarity Conventional current direction Electrons orbit the nucleus. An atom has a neutral charge, because it contains the same ...

A team of researchers has developed a theory to explain how hydrodynamic electron flow could occur in 3D materials and observed it for the first time using a new imaging technique. Electrons flow ...

Electric currents can be steered by coupling the flow of electrons and ions in films of gold nanoparticles coated with ionic ligands. The co-existence of ionic flow and electron flow has been observed ...

Scientists have proposed a solution to the subatomic stoppage of electron flow due to defects in materials: a novel way to create a more robust electron wave by binding together the electron's ...

In an apparent contradiction to textbook physics, a metal has been identified that conducts electricity but produces almost no heat in the process. Such a strange property may be expected to occur in ...

Electricity can flow through some materials but not others. If electricity flows through a material, the material is said to “conduct” electricity. In this activity, you can use batteries, an aluminum ...

Liquid metal embedded with dormant bacterial spores forms a living conductor that heals itself, resists oxidation, and boosts ...

Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Electrons flow through most materials more like a gas than a fluid, meaning they don’t interact much with one another. It was long ...

Electrons flow through most materials more like a gas than a fluid, meaning they don’t interact much with one another. It was long hypothesized that electrons could flow like a fluid, but only recent ...