In degenerative disc disease (DDD), the discs that separate your spine's bones, or vertebrae, start to breakdown, or degenerate. The discs provide cushion between the vertebrae, absorb shock, and ...

For decades, the intervertebral disc (IVD) has been framed in clinical and research narratives as a structure that inevitably degrades, a biomechanical victim of ageing and axial stress.1 This ...