A converter that tapers off a 4 mA input to zero, and adds the input and the tapered off 4mA signal to create a 2-wire 4-20 mA output loop.

In this last part of a long article, we look at the final refinement for waveform-based modeling which is based on average switching-cycle current, not on peak or valley current values within the ...

Significant efficiency and performance improvements can be realized by improving the current loop’s power supplies, replacing linear regulators with high-efficiency buck regulators. It also increases ...

Download this article in PDF format. It’s now common to see circuit boards that carry hundreds of amps, especially in intensive data-processing applications, electric vehicles, and ac distribution.

Lighting a string of LEDs at a constant brightness requires driving it with a regulated current. A boost converter is commonly used to step up the voltage to a level high enough to bias the LEDs on ...